Which rights have been nationalized through selective incorporation?

The correct answer encompasses a range of rights that have been nationalized through the doctrine of selective incorporation, which is the process through which the Supreme Court has applied certain protections of the Bill of Rights to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. This has significantly expanded the scope of individual rights at the state level.

Specifically, the rights mentioned, including the rights to assembly and petition, as well as protection against cruel and unusual punishment, reflect the Court's recognition that these fundamental rights are essential to the notion of liberty and justice in the United States. For example, the right to assembly was incorporated in cases like "Shelton v. Tucker" (1960) and "NAACP v. Alabama" (1958), while the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment has been asserted in decisions regarding the Eighth Amendment.

In contrast, the other options are too narrow in scope, focusing on isolated rights rather than the broader set of rights that have been interpreted to apply to the states through selective incorporation. For example, while the right to bear arms has been the subject of significant legal discussion, it does not encompass the range of rights included in the correct answer. Additionally, rights such as the right to free speech and the right to a